Who Should Not Make the Same Mistake Again?

The Other Side of Japanese | 「過ちを繰り返さない」のは誰なのか

Who Should Not Make the Same Mistake Again?

In Hiroshima’s Peace Memorial Park – the place where the world’s first nuclear bomb was dropped – is a cenotaph commemorating the victims of the atomic bomb. There, it is written, “Yasurakani nemutte kudasai. Ayamachi ha kurikaeshimasenu kara” (Let all the souls here rest in peace. For we shall not repeat the evil.) As this sentence contains no subject (we), some people have pointed out that it is not clear who is speaking. If the subject is the Japanese people, then Japanese people are apologizing to themselves. However, having dropped the atomic bomb, thus ending the war, it is not natural to imagine these words being attributed to the USA. In Japanese, others can understand even if you omit the subject of a sentence. Japanese people do not say “Watashi ha anata ga suki desu,” (I love you) but often only say “suki desu.” The subject Watashi ha (I) is generally omitted as it is obvious from the context. In addition, anata ga (you) is often omitted since the listener infers that it refers to them. The subject is often omitted on purpose in Japanese. As this allows the listener to interpret things in a variety of different ways, it’s often said that it is a vague way of talking. However, it is also convenient as it is a way of expressing oneself in a manner that avoids unnecessary disputes. Though no subject is referred to on the cenotaph, this sentence has been officially interpreted as referring neither to Japanese people nor Americans, but to mankind in general. The inscription reads: A prayer for the peaceful repose of the victims and pledge on behalf of all humanity never to repeat the evil of war.

世界せかい
sekai de
world’s
はじめて
hajimete
the first
核爆弾かくばくだん
kakubakudann ga
nuclear bomb
とされた
otosareta
(the place where) was dropped
広島ひろしま
hiroshima no
Hiroshima’s
平和へいわ記念きねん公園こうえん
heiwa kinen kouenn
Peace Memorial Park
ない
nai ni
in
原爆げんばく死没者しぼつしゃ慰霊碑いれいひ」が
gennbaku shibotsusha ireihi ga
(the) atomic bomb (the) victims (of a) cenotaph (commemorating)
あります。
airmasu
is
そこには、
sokoni ha,
there
やすらかにねむってください
yasurakani nemutte kudasai
let all the souls here rest in peace
あやまちは繰返くりかえしませぬから」
ayamachi ha kurikaeshimasenu kara
for we shall not repeat the evil
かれています。
to kakarete imasu.
(it) is written
このぶんには
kono bunn niha
this sentence
主語しゅご
shugo ga
subject
ない
nai
contains no
ため、
tame,
as
だれ
dare ga
who
っているのか
itte irunoka
is speaking
わからない
wakaranai
(it) is not clear
という
toiu
that
意見いけんがあります。
iken ga arimasu.
some people have pointed out
主語しゅご
shugo ga
(the) subject
日本人にほんじん
nihonnjinn
(the) Japanese people
da
is
とすると、
to suru to,
if then
日本人にほんじん
nihonnjin ga
Japanese people
日本人にほんじん
nihonn jinn
themselves <Japanese>
ni
to
あやまっていることになってしまいます。
ayamatteiru kotoni natte shimaimasu.
are apologizing
しかし
shikashi
however
原爆げんばく投下とうか
gennbaku touka ga
(the) atomic bomb having dropped (thus)
戦争せんそう
sennsou wo
(the) war
わらせた
owaraseta
ending
とする
tosuru
being attributed to
アメリカあめりか
amerika no
the USA
言葉ことば
kotoba to
(these) words
かんがえるのは
kanngaeru noha
to imagine
不自然ふしぜんです。
fushizenn desu.
(it) is not natural
日本語にほんご
niohnngo
Japanese
では
deha
in
主語しゅご
shugo wo
(the) subject (of a sentence)
わなくても
iwanakutemo
(you) omit even if
理解りかいできます。
rikai dekimasu.
(others) can understand
日本人にほんじん
nihonnjinn ha
Japanese people
わたし
watashi ha
watashi ha
あなたが
anata ga
anata ga
きです」
sukidesu
suki desu
わずに、
to iawazu ni,
do not say but
きです」
sukidesu
I love you
とだけ
to dake
only
うことが
iukoto ga
say
おおいです。
ooi desu.
often
だれのことか
dare no kotoka
[who]
文脈ぶんみゃく
bunnmyaku
(the) context
から
kara
from
明白めいはく
meihaku
(it) is obvious
なので
nanode
as
主語しゅご
shugo no
(the) subject
わたしは」は、
watashi ha ha,
watashi ha
一般的いっぱんてき
ippann teki ni
generally
省略しょうりゃくします。
shouryaku shimasu.
is omitted
また、
mata,
in addition
「あなたが」も
anataga mo
anata ga
kikite ha
(the) listener
自分じぶん
jibunn wo
them
すと
sasu to
(it) refers to
わかる
wakaru
infers (that)
ので
node
since
省略しょうりゃくすることが
shouryaku suru koto ga
is omitted
おおいです。
ooi desu.
often
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
では
deha
in
主語しゅご
shugo wo
(the) subject
あえて
aete
on purpose
わないことも
iwanai koto mo
is omitted
よくあります。
yoku arimasu.
often
により
kikite ni yori
(the) listener
さまざまな
samazama na
in a variety of different ways
解釈かいしゃく
kaishaku ga
to interpret (things)
できること
dekiru koto
(this) allows
から、
kara,
as
あいまい
aimai
vague
表現ひょうげん
hyougenn
(it is a) way of talking
とも
tomo
often (that)
われます。
iwaremasu.
(it)’s said
しかし
shikashi
however
それには、
soreniha,
it
不要ふよう
fuyou na
unnecessary
論争ろんそう
ronnsou wo
disputes
けて
sakete
(in a manner that) avoids
表現ひょうげんできる
hyougenn dekiru
(a) way of expressing oneself as (it is)
便利べんり
bennrisa
convenient
mo
also
あります。
arimasu.
is
慰霊碑いれいひ
ireihi
(the) cenotaph
には
niha
on
主語しゅご
shugo ga
subject
ありません
arimasenn
no is referred to
が、
ga,
though
日本にほん
nihonn
Japanese people
ya
nor
アメリカあめりか
amerika
Americans
wo
to
すのではなく
sasu nodeha naku
referring neither but
人類じんるい全体ぜんたい
jinnrui zenntai
mankind in general
wo
to
すと
sasu to
as [referring]
公式こうしき
koushiki ni
officially
解釈かいしゃくされています。
kaishaku sarete imasu.
(this sentence) has been interpreted
碑文ひぶん説明せつめいには
hibunn no setsumei niha
(the) inscription
「すべてのひとびとが
subeteno hitobito ga
all humanity
原爆げんばく犠牲者ぎせいしゃ
gennbaku giseisha
(the) [A-bomb] victims
no
of
冥福めいふくいの
meifuku wo inori
for the peaceful repose (a) prayer and
戦争せんそうというあやまちを
sennsou toiu ayamachi wo
(the) evil of war
ふたたかえさない
futatabi kurikaesanai
never to repeat
ことを
koto wo
on behalf of
ちか言葉ことば
chikau kotoba de
pledge
ある」と
aru to
is
あります。
arimasu.
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