In Hiroshima’s Peace Memorial Park – the place where the world’s first nuclear bomb was dropped – is a cenotaph commemorating the victims of the atomic bomb.
There, it is written, “Yasurakani nemutte kudasai. Ayamachi ha kurikaeshimasenu kara” (Let all the souls here rest in peace. For we shall not repeat the evil.)
As this sentence contains no subject (we), some people have pointed out that it is not clear who is speaking.
If the subject is the Japanese people, then Japanese people are apologizing to themselves.
However, having dropped the atomic bomb, thus ending the war, it is not natural to imagine these words being attributed to the USA.
In Japanese, others can understand even if you omit the subject of a sentence.
Japanese people do not say “Watashi ha anata ga suki desu,” (I love you) but often only say “suki desu.”
The subject Watashi ha (I) is generally omitted as it is obvious from the context.
In addition, anata ga (you) is often omitted since the listener infers that it refers to them.
The subject is often omitted on purpose in Japanese.
As this allows the listener to interpret things in a variety of different ways, it’s often said that it is a vague way of talking.
However, it is also convenient as it is a way of expressing oneself in a manner that avoids unnecessary disputes.
Though no subject is referred to on the cenotaph, this sentence has been officially interpreted as referring neither to Japanese people nor Americans, but to mankind in general.
The inscription reads: A prayer for the peaceful repose of the victims and pledge on behalf of all humanity never to repeat the evil of war.
核爆弾が
kakubakudann ga
nuclear bomb
落とされた
otosareta
(the place where) was dropped
広島の
hiroshima no
Hiroshima’s
平和記念公園
heiwa kinen kouenn
Peace Memorial Park
「原爆死没者慰霊碑」が
gennbaku shibotsusha ireihi ga
(the) atomic bomb (the) victims (of a) cenotaph (commemorating)
「安らかに眠って下さい
yasurakani nemutte kudasai
let all the souls here rest in peace
過ちは繰返しませぬから」
ayamachi ha kurikaeshimasenu kara
for we shall not repeat the evil
と書かれています。
to kakarete imasu.
(it) is written
この文には
kono bunn niha
this sentence
言っているのか
itte irunoka
is speaking
わからない
wakaranai
(it) is not clear
意見があります。
iken ga arimasu.
some people have pointed out
主語が
shugo ga
(the) subject
日本人
nihonnjinn
(the) Japanese people
日本人が
nihonnjin ga
Japanese people
日本人
nihonn jinn
themselves <Japanese>
謝っていることになってしまいます。
ayamatteiru kotoni natte shimaimasu.
are apologizing
原爆投下が
gennbaku touka ga
(the) atomic bomb having dropped (thus)
戦争を
sennsou wo
(the) war
とする
tosuru
being attributed to
アメリカの
amerika no
the USA
言葉と
kotoba to
(these) words
考えるのは
kanngaeru noha
to imagine
不自然です。
fushizenn desu.
(it) is not natural
主語を
shugo wo
(the) subject (of a sentence)
言わなくても
iwanakutemo
(you) omit even if
理解できます。
rikai dekimasu.
(others) can understand
日本人は
nihonnjinn ha
Japanese people
「私は
watashi ha
watashi ha
と言わずに、
to iawazu ni,
do not say but
「好きです」
sukidesu
I love you
誰のことか
dare no kotoka
[who]
文脈
bunnmyaku
(the) context
明白
meihaku
(it) is obvious
主語の
shugo no
(the) subject
「私は」は、
watashi ha ha,
watashi ha
一般的に
ippann teki ni
generally
省略します。
shouryaku shimasu.
is omitted
「あなたが」も
anataga mo
anata ga
聞き手は
kikite ha
(the) listener
指すと
sasu to
(it) refers to
省略することが
shouryaku suru koto ga
is omitted
主語を
shugo wo
(the) subject
言わないことも
iwanai koto mo
is omitted
よくあります。
yoku arimasu.
often
聞き手により
kikite ni yori
(the) listener
さまざまな
samazama na
in a variety of different ways
解釈が
kaishaku ga
to interpret (things)
できること
dekiru koto
(this) allows
表現
hyougenn
(it is a) way of talking
言われます。
iwaremasu.
(it)’s said
不要な
fuyou na
unnecessary
論争を
ronnsou wo
disputes
避けて
sakete
(in a manner that) avoids
表現できる
hyougenn dekiru
(a) way of expressing oneself as (it is)
慰霊碑
ireihi
(the) cenotaph
ありません
arimasenn
no is referred to
日本
nihonn
Japanese people
指すのではなく
sasu nodeha naku
referring neither but
人類全体
jinnrui zenntai
mankind in general
指すと
sasu to
as [referring]
公式に
koushiki ni
officially
解釈されています。
kaishaku sarete imasu.
(this sentence) has been interpreted
碑文の説明には
hibunn no setsumei niha
(the) inscription
「すべての人びとが
subeteno hitobito ga
all humanity
原爆犠牲者
gennbaku giseisha
(the) [A-bomb] victims
冥福を祈り
meifuku wo inori
for the peaceful repose (a) prayer and
戦争という過ちを
sennsou toiu ayamachi wo
(the) evil of war
再び繰り返さない
futatabi kurikaesanai
never to repeat
誓う言葉で
chikau kotoba de
pledge