How to Use “ka”

Sentence Endings | 「か」の使い方

How to Use “ka”

The “ka” suffix used at the end of an interrogative sentence is not often used in daily conversation. Rather than adding “ka,” it’s more common to raise one’s intonation at the end of a sentence, as in “jaa, ikimasu?” (Well then, will you come?) or “kore tabete ii?” (Can I have this?) When speaking politely to customers, it is correct to add “ka” after desu or masu as in “yoroshii desu ka” (Is that okay with you?) or “omachi itadake masu ka” (Could you wait?). However, if you add “ka” when speaking casually, as in “ii ka” (Is that okay?) or “materu ka” (Can you wait?) it sounds as if you’re being bossy. If women use it in this way, or if men use it to address their superiors, it sounds rather unpleasant. Even with the desu masu style, it can be taken the wrong way. For instance, “mou kaeru nn desu ka” (Are you going home already?) could be seen as a criticism of that person for going home early. Additionally, the suffix “ka” contains many other meanings besides that of a question. These should be pronounced with a downward inflection at the end of a sentence. Invitations: “meshi demo kuini ikou ka” (Shall we go out for a meal?) or (What’s your schedule?). Dissent/Opposition: “sonnna koto arimasu ka” (That can’t be) or “shinjirare masu ka” (That’s unbelievable; lit: Do you really believe that?). Being deeply Moved/Surprise: “sou nann desu ka” (I’m surprised to hear it; the implication being ‘this is the first time I’ve heard this’), or “kekkou yaruja nai ka” (You’ve done well; the implication being ‘better than I expected’), or “mou hatachi ka” (You’re already 20?; the implication being ‘How fast you’ve grown!’). Condemnation/Orders: “mada owaranai no ka” (You haven’t finished yet!) or “iikagenn ni shinai ka” (Can you just cut it out?). Talking to yourself: “sorosoro neru ka” (I should go to bed now) or “koko ni atta no ka” (Oh, you’re here).

疑問文ぎもんぶん
gimonnbunn
(an) interrogative sentence
de
at
使つかわれる
tsukawareru
used
文末ぶんまつ
bunnmatsu no
(the) end of
「か」は、
ka ha,
(the)“ka” (suffix)
日常にちじょう会話かいわ
nichijyou kaiwa
daily conversation
では
deha
in
使つかわれないことが
tsukawarenai kotoga
is not used
おおいです。
ooi desu.
often
「じゃあ、きます?」
jyaa, ikimasu
jaa, ikimasu?
「これべていい?」
kore tabete ii
(or) kore tabete ii?
と、
to,
as in
「か」を
ka wo
ka
つけずに
tsukezuni
rather than adding
文末ぶんまつ
bunnmatsu wo
(at the) end of a sentence
上昇じょうしょう調ちょううのが
jyoushouchou de iu noga
to raise one’s intonation
一般的いっぱんてき
ippannteki
more common
です。
desu.
(it)’s
きゃく
okyaku
customers
ni
to
ていねいに
teinei ni
politely
はな
hanasu
speaking
ときは、
tokiha,
when
ですますの
desu masu no
desu (or) masu
あと
ato ni
after
「か」を
ka wo
ka
つけて、
tsukete,
to add
「よろしいですか」
yoroshiidesuka
yoroshii desu ka
「おちいただけますか」
omachi itadakemasu ka
(or) omachi itadake masu ka
うのが
to iu noga
as in
ただしい
tadashii
correct
です。
desu.
(it) is
しかし、
shikashi,
however
カジュアルかじゅある
kajyuaru na
casually
調子ちょうし
choushi de
when speaking
「いいか」
iika
ii ka
てるか」
materu ka
(or) materu ka
のように
no youni
as in
「か」を
ka wo
ka
つける
tsukeru
(you) add
と、
to,
if
あたかも
atakamo
as if
ボスぼすのような
bosu no youna
(you)’re being bossy
印象いんしょうになります。
innshou ni narimasu.
(it) sounds
そのように
sonoyouni
in this way
女性じょせい
jyosei ga
women
使つか
tsukau
use (it)
と、
to,
if
あるいは 
arui ha
or
男性だんせい
dannsei ga
men
目上めうえひと
meue no hito ni
(their) superiors
iu
(use it) to address
と、
to,
if
とても
totemo
rather
不快ふかい
fukai ni
unpleasant
こえます。
kikoe masu.
(it) sounds
ですます調ちょう
desumasu chou
(the) desu masu style
でも、
demo,
even with
あやまって
ayamatte
(the) wrong way
解釈かいしゃくされることもあります。
kaishaku sareru koto mo arimasu.
it can be taken
たとえば
tatoeba
for instance
「もうかえるんですか」は、
mou kaerunndesuka ha,
mou kaeru nn desu ka
はや
hayaku
early
かえ
kaeru
(for) going home
ひと
hito wo
(that) person
批難ひなんしている
hinann shiteiru
as (a) criticism (of)
意味いみにもられます。
imi nimo torrare masu.
could be seen
また、
mata,
additionally
疑問ぎもん
gimonn
(that of a) question
以外いがいでも
igai demo
besides
「か」を文末ぶんまつにつけ、
ka wo bunnmatsu ni tsuke,
(the suffix) ka
いろんな
ironn na
many other
意味いみ
imi wo
meanings
ふくみます。
fukumi masu.
contains
これらは、
korera ha,
these
文末ぶんまつ
bunnmatsu wo
at the end of a sentence
下降かこう調ちょう
kakou chou
(a) downward inflection
de
with
います。
iimaus.
should be pronounced
さそう:
sasou
invitations
めしでもいにこうか」
meshi demo kuini ikou ka
meshi demo kuini ikou ka
都合つごうはどうか)。
tsugou ha douka
or what’s (your) schedule?
反対はんたい反発はんぱつ
hanntai , hannpatsu
dissent/opposition
「そんなことありますか」
sonnna koto arimasu ka
sonnna koto arimasu ka
(ありえない)
arienai
that can’t be
しんじられますか」
shinnjirare masu ka
(or) shinjirare masu ka
(うそでしょう?)
uso deshou
do you really believe that?
感動かんどうおどろき:
kanndou, odoroki
being deeply moved/surprise
「そうなんですか」
sou nann desu ka
sou nann desu ka
はじめてっておどろいた)
hajimete shitte odoroita
I’m surprised to hear it
結構けっこうやるじゃないか」
kekkou yarujyanaika
(or) kekkou yaruja nai ka
予想よそう以上いじょうだった)
yosou ijyuo datta
you’ve done well
「もう20歳はたちか」
mou hatachi ka
(or) mou hatachi ka
成長せいちょうはやいな)。
seichou ha hayai na
how fast you’ve grown!
批難ひなん命令めいれい
hinann, meirei
condemnation/orders
「まだわらないのか」
mada owaranai no ka
mada owaranai no ka
「いい加減かげんにしないか」。
iikagenn ni shinaika.
(or) iikagenn ni shinai ka
自分じぶんかせる:
jibunn ni ii kikaseru
talking to yourself
「そろそろるか」
sorosoro neru ka
sorosoro neru ka
「ここにあったのか」。
koko ni atta no ka
(or) koko ni atta no ka

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