Japanese Anglicized due to Globalization

Behind the Scene | グローバリゼーションで英語化する日本語

Japanese Anglicized due to Globalization

It’s been 30 years since the first issue of Hiragana Times was published for non-Japanese people in 1986. Thirty years ago, the Japanese economy was booming, and more than 90% of Japanese people thought of themselves as being middle class. The Japanese business model was well regarded throughout the world for its successful implementation of lifetime employment, pay grades based on seniority, good relations between management and labor, marginal salary differences, and focus on long term profit. In spite of its lack of natural resources, Japan had achieved miraculous economic growth after World War Two. Because of that many nations were inclined to learn from Japan. Against this backdrop, Hiragana Times was released for the benefit of non-Japanese with the idea of “Studying Japanese while learning about Japan.” At that time all the texts were transcribed in hiragana only. Later we evolved to add kanji with furigana, English texts, and more. The influence of globalization has had a huge impact on Japan over these past 30 years. In accordance with these changes, the interest of Japanese learners has shifted from economic matters to cultural matters. Now Japan is becoming a country of great cultural importance. Fortunately, Japan has an abundance of cultural assets including its four seasons, beautiful natural scenery, hot springs, cuisine, traditional entertainment, manga, and anime. According to the survey carried out by the Japan Foundation and released in 2013, there are approximately four million students of the Japanese language in Japanese educational institutions overseas – the highest number ever. Compared to English, Japanese has a rich vocabulary. On top of this, the Japanese language has hiragana, katakana, kanji, and even romaji script allowing speakers to subtly express their feelings. In other words, the Japanese language itself has a side that is of cultural interest. In line with globalization, English words are increasingly being used in Japanese. Now English words are being used in Japanese. For example, for such common things as the names of body parts: head, hand, foot, and so forth. At present both these English words and the original Japanese terms – atama, te, and ashi – are used, however, many Japanese words are being replaced by English words. For example, nowadays almost no Japanese use mimikazari for earrings, kubikazari for necklace, budoushu for wine, or shokutaku for table. In the near future many English words will replace conventional Japanese words. However, this trend will be good for English speaking Japanese language learners. Being a mixture of yamato kotoba (the native language), Chinese, and English, the Japanese language has become more and more unique. If English words are written in the alphabet and not converted into katakana as Chinese characters were incorporated into the language, the Japanese language will be better equipped to meet the challenges of globalization. The Japanese language is written vertically and horizontally. However, with the increasing proliferation of personal computers, horizontal writing that allows for the addition of alphabetic text will become the norm.

1986せんきゅうひゃくはちじゅうろくねん
sennkyuuhyakuhachijyuuroku nenn
nineteen eighty-six [year]
ni
in
外国人がいこくじん
gaikokujinn
non-Japanese people
けに
muke ni
for
出版しゅっぱんされた
shuppann sareta
was published
ひらがなタイムズたいむず
hiragana taimuzu ha
Hiragana Times
創刊そうかん
soukann
the first issue (of)
から
kara
since
30さんじゅっ周年しゅうねん
sannjyusshuunenn wo
thirty years [anniversary year]
むかえました。
mukae mashita.
(it)’s been
30さんじゅっねんまえ
sannjyuunenn mae no
thirty years ago
日本にほん経済けいざい
nihonn keizai ha
(the) Japanese economy
絶好調ぜっこうちょうなかにあり、
zekkouchou no naka ni ari,
was booming and
日本人にほんじん
nihonnjinn
Japanese people
no
of
9きゅうわり
kyuuwari
ninety percent
以上いじょう
ijyou ga
more than
中流ちゅうりゅう意識いしき
chuuryuu ishiki wo
as being middle class
っていました。
motte imashita.
thought of themselves
終身しゅうしん雇用制こようせい
shuushinn koyou sei,
lifetime employment
年功序列ねんこうじょれつ賃金ちんぎん
nennkou jyoretsu chinginn,
pay grades based on seniority
労使ろうし協調きょうちょう
roushi kyouchou,
good relations between management and labor
すくない賃金ちんぎん格差かくさ
sukunai chinnginn kakusa,
marginal salary differences
長期的ちょうきてき利益りえき
choukiteki na rieki
(and) focus on long term profit
no
of
制度せいど成功せいこうした
seidoka de seikou shita
for (its) successful implementation
日本型にほんがた経営けいえい
nihonngata keiei ha
(the) Japanese business model
世界せかい
sekai
the world
から
kara
throughout
注目ちゅうもくされていました。
chuumoku sarete imashita.
was well regarded
日本にほん
nihonn ha
Japan
資源しげん
shigenn
natural resources
ga
of
すくない
sukunai
(its) lack
にもかかわらず
nimo kakawarazu
in spite of
だい世界せかい大戦たいせん
dainijisekaitaisenn
World War Two
go,
after
奇跡的きせきてき
kisekiteki na
miraculous
経済けいざい成長せいちょう
keizai seichou wo
economic growth
げました。
toge mashita.
had achieved
そのため
sonotame
because of that
おおくのくに
ookuno kuni de
many nations
日本にほん
nihonn
Japan
から
kara
from
まなぼうという
manabou toiu
to learn
機運きうんたかまっていました。
kiunn ga takamatte imashita.
were inclined
ひらがなタイムズたいむず
hiraganataimuzu ha
Hiragana Times
そんなさなか
sonnna sanaka
this backdrop
に、
ni,
against
外国人がいこくじん
gaikokujinn
non-Japanese
no
of
ために
tameni
for (the) benefit
日本にほん
nihonn wo
Japan about
まなびながら
manabinagara
learning while
日本語にほんご
nihonngo wo
Japanese
勉強べんきょうする」を
bennkyou suru wo
studying
コンセプトこんせぷと
konnseputo
(the) idea (of)
として
to shite
with
登場とうじょうしました。
toujyou shimashita.
was released
当初とうしょ
tousho ha
at that time
テキストてきすと
tekisuto
(the) texts
すべてが
subete ga
all
ひらがな
hiragana
hiragana
のみ
nomi
only
no
in
表記ひょうきでした。
hyouki deshita.
were transcribed
のち
nochi ni
later
漢字かんじ
kannji
kanji
ni
with
ふりがな、
furigana,
furigana
英語えいごテキストてきすと
eigo tekisuto
English texts
などを
nado wo
and more
くわえ、
kuwae,
to add
進化しんかしました。
shinnka shimashita.
(we) evolved
グローバリゼーションぐろーばりぜーしょん
guro-barize-shonn
globalization
により
ni yori
(the) influence (of)
日本にほん
nihonn ha
Japan
この30さんじゅうねんかん
kono sannjyuunennkann de
over these past thirty years
おおきく
ookiku
(a) huge impact
わりました。
kawarimashita.
has had (on)
それ
sore
these (changes)
ともな
ni tomonai
in accordance with
日本語にほんご学習者がくしゅうしゃ
nihonngo gakushuu sha
Japanese learners
no
of
興味きょうみ
kyoumi ha
(the) interest
経済けいざい
keizai
economic (matters)
から
kara
from
日本文化にほんぶんか
nihonnbunnka
cultural (matters)
ni
to
うつりました。
utsuri mashita.
has shifted
日本にほん
nihonn ha
Japan
いま
ima
now
文化ぶんか大国たいこく
bunnka taikoku ni
(a) country of great cultural importance
なりつつあります。
naritsutsu arimasu.
is becoming
さいわ
saiwai
fortunately
日本にほんには
nihonn niha
Japan
四季しき
shiki,
(its) four seasons
うつくしい自然しぜん
utsukushii shizenn,
beautiful natural scenery
温泉おんせん
onnsenn,
hot springs
料理りょうり
ryouri,
cuisine
伝統でんとう芸能げいのう
denntou geinou,
traditional entertainment
まんが、
mannga,
manga
アニメあにめ
anime
(and) anime
など
nado
including
豊富ほうふ
houfu na
(an) abundance of
文化ぶんか資産しさん
bunnka shisann ga
cultural assets
あります。
arimasu.
has
国際こくさい交流こうりゅう基金ききん
kokusai'kouryuu kikinn
the Japan Foundation
ga
carried out by
2013にせんじゅうさんねん
nisennjyuusann nenn
two thousand thirteen [year]
ni
in
発表はっぴょうした
happyou shita
(and) released
調査ちょうさ
chousa
(the) survey
によると、
ni yoruto,
according to
海外かいがい
kaigai no
overseas
日本語にほんご教育きょういく機関きかん
nihonngo kyouiku kikann
Japanese educational institutions
de
in
まな
manabu
[learning]
日本語にほんご学習者がくしゅうしゃ
nihonngo gakusyuu sha ha
Japanese language (the) students (of)
やく
yaku
approximately
400万よんひゃくまんにん
yonnhyakumann ninn
four million [people]
で、
de,
there are
過去かこ
kako
ever
最高さいこう数字すうじです。
saikou no suuji desu.
the highest number
日本語にほんご
nihonngo ha
Japanese
英語えいご
eigo
English
くら
ni kurabe
compared to
語彙ごい豊富ほうふ
goi ga houfu
(a) rich vocabulary
です。
desu.
has
そのうえ
sono ue,
on top of this
ひらがな、
hiragana,
hiragana
カタカナかたかな
katakana,
katakana
漢字かんじ
kannji
kanji
ni
and even
ローマ字ろーまじ
ro-maji ga
romaji script
あることから、
arukotokara,
(the) Japanese language has
自分じぶんおもいを
jibunnno omoi wo
their feelings
微妙びみょう
bimyou ni
subtly
表現ひょうげん
hyougenn
to express
できます。
dekimasu.
allowing (speakers)
えれば、
iikaereba,
in other words
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
(the) Japanese language
自体じたい
jitai ga
itself
文化ぶんか
bunnka no
(that is of) cultural interest
側面そくめん
sokumenn wo
(a) side
ちます。
mochimasu.
has
グローバリゼーションぐろーばりぜーしょん
guro-barize-shonn
globalization
とともに、
to tomoni,
in line with
ますます
masumasu
increasingly
英単語えいたんご
eitanngo ga
English words
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
として
toshite
in <as>
使つかわれるようになりました。
tsukawareru you ni narimashita.
are being used
たとえば、
tatoeba,
for example
head、
head,
head
hand、
hand,
hand
foot
foot
foot
など
nado
and so forth
からだ
karada
body parts
no
of
名称めいしょう
meishou wo
(the) names
はじめ、
hajime
such as
いま
imaya
now
日本にほん
nihonn no
[Japanese]
日常にちじょう生活せいかつ用語ようご
nichijyou seikatsu yougo
common things
ni
for
英単語えいたんご
eitanngo ga
English words
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
として
to shite
in <as>
使用しようされています。
shoyou sarete imasu.
are being used
現在げんざい
gennzai
at present
それらの
sorerano
these
英語えいご
eigo
English words
to
and
本来ほんらい
honnrai no
original
日本語にほんごである、
nihonngo de aru,
(the) Japanese terms
あたま
atama
atama
te,
te
あし
ashi ga
(and) ashi
併用へいようして使つかわれています
heiyou shite tsukawarete imasu
both are used
が、
ga,
however
おおくの
ooku no
many
日本語にほんご
nihonngo no
Japanese
言葉ことば
kotoba ga
words
英語えいご
eigo no
English
言葉ことば
kotoba
words
ni
by
わりつつあります。
kawaritsutsu arimasu.
are being replaced
たとえば、
tatoeba,
for example
現在げんざいでは
gennzai deha
nowadays
イヤリングいやりんぐ
iyarinngu
earrings
wo
for
耳飾みみかざりり、
mimikazari,
mimikazari
ネックレスねっくれす
nekkuresu
necklace
wo
for
首飾くびかざりり、
kubikazari,
kubikazari
ワインわいん
wainn
wine
wo
for
葡萄酒ぶどうしゅ
budoushu,
budoushu
テーブルてーぶる
te-buru
(or) table
wo
for
食卓しょくたく
shokutaku to
shokutaku
いう
iu
use
日本人にほんじんは、
nihonnjinn ha,
Japanese
ほとんど
hotonndo
almost
いなくなりました。
inakunarimashita.
no
ちか将来しょうらい
chikaishourai,
(in the) near future
おおくの
ooku no
many
英単語えいたんご
eitanngo ga
English words
従来じゅうらい
juurai no
conventional
日本語にほんご
nihonngo ni
Japanese words
とってわっていくと
totte kawatte iku to
replace
おもわれます。
omoware masu.
will
しかし、
shikashi
however
これは
koreha
this (trend)
英語えいご
eigo wo
English
はな
hanasu
speaking
日本語にほんご学習者がくしゅうしゃ
nihonngo gakushuusha
Japanese language learners
にとっては
ni totte ha
for
歓迎かんげいすべきことでしょう。
kanngei subeki koto deshou.
will be good
大和言葉やまとことば
yamatokotoba
yamato kotoba
古来こらい日本語にほんご)、
korai no nihonngo,
(the) native language
中国語ちゅうごくご
chuugokugo,
Chinese
英語えいご
eigo wo
(and) English
ミックスみっくすした
mikkusu shita
being (a) mixture (of)
日本語にほんごは、
nihonngo ha,
(the) Japanese language
さらに
sarani
more and more
ユニークゆにーく
yuni-ku ni
unique
なりました。
narimashita.
has become
漢字かんじ
kannji ga
Chinese characters
日本語にほんごした
nihonngoka shita
were incorporated into the language
ように、
youni,
as
英語えいご
eigo mo
English words
カタカナかたかな
katakana
katakana
ni
into
変換へんかんせず
hennkann sezu
(and) not converted
アルファベットあるふぁべっと
arufabetto
(the) alphabet
de
in
表記ひょうきするようになれば、
hyouki suru youni nareb,
are written if
日本語にほんご
nihonngo ha
(the) Japanese language
グローバリゼーションぐろーばりぜーしょん
guro-barize-shonn ni
globalization
適合てきごうするでしょう。
tekigou suru desyou.
will be better equipped to meet (the) challenges (of)
日本語にほんご
nihonngo ha
(the) Japanese language
縦書たてが
tategaki
vertically
to
and
横書よこがきで
yokogaki de
horizontally
かれます。
kakaremasu.
is written
しかし、
shikashi,
however
パソコンぱそこん
pasokonn
personal computers
no
of
普及ふきゅう
fukyuu
(the) increasing proliferation
とともに
to tomoni
with
アルファベットあるふぁべっと
arufabetto no
alphabetic
テキストてきすと
tekisuto
text
wo
of
くわえられる
kuwaerareru
(that) allow for the addition of
横書よこがきが
yokogaki ga
horizontal writing
一般的いっぱんてき
ippannteki ni
(the) norm
なると
naruto
become
おもわれます。
omowaremasu.
will

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