Feminine Language and Masculine Language

Sentence Endings | 女ことばと男ことば

Feminine Language and Masculine Language

In Japanese, there is a feminine language and a masculine language. Expressions regarded as being “feminine” (adding “wa,” and “kashira” to the end). iku wa: (with a rising intonation at the end): softening the decision. iku kashira: indicating doubt. Expressions regarded as being “manly” (adding “ze,” or “daro” to the end). iku ze: confirming or urging. iku daro: (with a rising intonation at the end) confirming with the expectation of agreement. However, nowadays those expressions are mostly used only in novels and dramas to emphasize gender. If you use these expressions in casual conversation, it sounds rather old fashioned or affected, creating an awkward impression. However, that doesn’t mean that feminine and masculine language has disappeared. Women often use “desho” “yone” “noyo.” iku desho: politely confirming, guessing. iku yone: confirming. iku noyo: recommending, persuading. Men often use “yo” “zo” “na.” iku yona: confirming with the expectation of agreement. iku zo: urging strongly, emphasizing a decision. iku na: (with a flat intonation) gently ordering (with a descending intonation it means “don’t”). Young women these days often end their sentences with expressions in a similar way to men. Though they tend to alter their speech depending on the person they are talking to, sometimes it can sound impolite. In addition, men and women often use “yo” and the interrogative “no.” The way men and women speak changes with the times.

日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
には、
niha,
in
おんな ことば
onnnan kotoba
(a) feminine language
to
and
おとこ ことばが
otoko kotoba ga
(a) masculine language
あります。
arimasu.
there is
女性的じょせいてき
jyoseiteki
being feminine
to
as
される
sareru
regarded
表現ひょうげん
hyougenn
expressions
文末ぶんまつ
bunnatsu
(the) end
ni
to
「わ」
wa
wa
「かしら」が
kashira ga
(and) kashira
つく)。
tsu.
adding
くわ。(上昇じょうしょう調ちょう):断定だんていやわらげ
iku wa:jyoushou'chou danntei no yawarage
(with a rising intonation at the end): softening the decision.
行く かしら。:疑問ぎもん不審ふしん
iku kashira: gimonn, fushinn
indicating doubt.
男性的だんせいてき
dannseiteki
being manly
to
as
される
sareru
regarded
表現ひょうげん
hyougenn
expressions
文末ぶんまつ
bunnmatsu
(the) end
ni
to
「ぜ」
ze
ze
「だろ」が
daro ga
(or) daro
つく)。
tsuku.
adding
くぜ。:念押ねんおし、うなが
iku ze: nennoshi, unagashi
confirming or urging.
くだろ。(上昇じょうしょう調ちょう):同意どうい期待きたいして 確認かくにん
iku daro: jyoushou'chou doui wo kitai shite kakuninn
(with a rising intonation at the end) confirming with the expectation of agreement.
しかし、
shikashi,
however
最近さいきん では
saikinn deha
nowadays
小説しょうせつ
shousetsu
novels
ya
and
ドラマどらま など
dorama nado
dramas
de
in
性別せいべつ
seibetsu wo
gender
強調きょうちょうしたいとき
kyouchou shitai toki
to emphasize
くらいにしか
kurai ni shika
only
使つかわれなくなっています。
tsukawarenaku natte imasu.
(those expressions) are mostly used
日常にちじょう会話かいわ
nichijou kaiwa
casual conversation
de
in
これらを
korera wo
these (expressions)
使つか
tsukau
(you) use
to
if
ふるくさい
furuusai
(rather) old fashioned
印象いんしょう
innshou
impression
ya
or
わざとらしい かんじ、
wazatorashi kannji,
affected [impression]
違和感いわかん
iwakann ga
(creating an) awkward [impression]
あります。
arimasu.
(it) sounds
しかし、
shikashi,
however
おんなことば
onnna kotoba
feminine [language]
おとこことばが
otoko kotoba ga
(and) masculine language
なくなっている
nakunatte iru
has disappeared
わけではありません。
wakedeha arimasenn.
(that) doesn’t mean (that)
「でしょ」
desho
desho
「よね」
yone
yone
「のよ」は、
noyo ha,
noyo
女性じょせい
jyosei ga
women
よく
yoku
often
使つかいます。
tsukaimasu.
use
くでしょ。:丁寧ていねい確認かくにん推量すいりょう
iku desho: teinei ni kakuninn, suiryou
politely confirming, guessing.
くよね。:念押ねんお
iku yone: nennoshi
confirming.
くのよ。:推奨すいしょうかせ
iku noyo: suishou, iikikase
recommending, persuading.
「よな」
yona
yona
「ぞ」
zo
zo
「な」は、
na ha,
na
男性だんせい
dannsei ga
men
よく
yoku
often
使つかいます。
tsukai masu.
use
くよな。:同意どうい期待きたいして 確認かくにん
iku yona: doui wo kitai shite kaukninn
confirming with the expectation of agreement.
くぞ。:決意けつい強調きょうちょうつようなが
iku zo: ketsui, kyouchou, tsuyoi unagashi
urging strongly, emphasizing a decision.
くな。(平坦へいたん調ちょう):やわらかい命令めいれい下降かこう調ちょう禁止きんし
iku na: heitann'chou yawarakai meirei kakou'chou ha kinnshi no i
(with a flat intonation) gently ordering (with a descending intonation it means “don’t”).
近頃ちかごろ
chikagoro no
these days
わか世代せだい
wakai sedai no
young
女性じょせいは、
jyosei ha,
women
男性だんせいことば
dannsei kotoba
men [language]
ni
to
ちか語尾ごび
chikai gobi de
in (a) similar way
表現ひょうげんする
hyougenn suru
end (their) sentences
ことが
kotoga
with expressions
おおくなりました。
ooku narimashita.
often
ぞんざいに
zonnzai ni
impolite
かんじるかもしれません
kannjiru kamo shiremasenn
(it) can sound sometimes
が、
ga,
though
相手あいて
aite
(the) person
との関係かんけい
tono kannkei de
(they) are talking to depending on
使つかけます。
tsukai wakemasu.
(they tend to) alter (their speech)
また、
mata,
in addition
「よ」
yo
yo
ya
and
疑問文ぎもんぶん
gimonnbunn no
(the) interrogative
「の」 は、
no ha,
no
男女だんじょとも
dannjyo tomo
men and women
よく
yoku
often
使つかいます。
tsukai masu.
use
行く よ!:勧誘かんゆう
iku yo!: kannyuu
persuading.
くの?:質問しつもん確認かくにん
iku no?: shitsumonn, kakuninn
questioning, confirming.
時代じだい
jidai
(the) times
とともに
to tomoni
with
男女だんじょ
dannjyo no
men and women
はなしことばは
hanashikotoba ha
(the) way speak
わってきています。
kawatte kite imasu.
changes

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