1. Which sentence best describes the financial scandals of politicians? ① They often happen in connection with the licensing and ordering of public works projects. ② Most Japanese politicians have a highly developed sense of integrity and financial scandals seldom occur. ③ Since a lot of donations are given by individuals in support of politicians, few financial scandals occur. ④ Because large publicly funded grants are given to political parties, financial scandals do not occur. 2. When someone comes under suspicion, bureaucrats can often be seen defending the Prime Minister, the minister responsible for their department, et al. What is said to be the reason for this? ① Promises of support have secretly been made in the event of bureaucrats pursuing a future career in politics. ② The Cabinet Office, which has the power to appoint bureaucrats, is under the direct control of the Prime Minister. ③ There is a strong sense of seniority-based hierarchy among politicians. ④ The bureaucrats themselves have been implicated in the allegations and are covering up so as not to tarnish their own careers.