Though the words “otoko” (men) and “onnna” (woman) are used to differentiate gender, “dannsei” (male) and “josei” (female) are more commonly used.
The expressions “otoko” and “onnna” are often used in news reports.
For instance, it is used to refer to persons under suspicion of having committed a crime, as in “the man (otoko) who committed the attack…”
However, if you say “otoko no hito” or “onnna no hito,” they become a casual expressiong for dannsei and josei.
Little children are called “otoko no ko” (boy) or “onnna no ko” (girl), but sometimes these expressions are also used to refer to teenagers.
This usage is similar to that of boy or girl in English.
To distinguish between genders in sports events or with students, men are referred to as dannshi and women as joshi, for instance, dannshi marathon or joshi daisei (university student).
Specific terms are often used to refer to women who enjoy a particular hobby.
Women who enjoy climbing while wearing fashionable gear are “yama ga-ru” (mountain girls), women who love history are “rekijo” (history women) and women who love manga about romance between young men are “fujoshi” (rotten girls).
It’s thought that terms like xx ga-ru and xx joshi are used depending on how easy they are to pronounce in combination with the preceding word.
There are not many expressions like these for men.
This is because the words have been created to refer to women who are making advances into activities that have up until now been male dominated.
In this way, Japanese people change the usage of words that distinguish sex depending on the subject.
「男」
otoko
(the words) otoko
区別するうえで
kubetsu suru ue de
to differentiate
使われます
tsukaware masu
are used
一般的に
ippannteki ni
more commonly
「女性」が
jyosei ga
(and) josei
使われます。
tsukaware masu.
are used
表現は、
hyougenn ha,
(the) expressions
ニュース
nyu-su
news (reports)
使われます。
tsukaware masu.
are used
たとえば、
tatoeba,
for instance
「乱暴を
rannbou wo
(the) attack
働いた
hataraita
(who) committed
男は……」
okoto ha
(the) man (otoko)
犯罪を
hannzai wo
(a) crime
犯した
okashita
having committed
疑いのある
utagai no aru
under suspicion (of)
に対して
ni taishite
to refer to
使われます。
tsukawaremasu.
(it) is used
「男の人」
otoko no hito
otoko no hito
「女の人」
onnna no hito
(or) onnna no hito
といえば、
to ieba,
(you) say if
カジュアルな
kajyuaru na
casual
表現と
hyougenn to
a[n] expression
なります。
narimasu.
(they) become
「男の子」
otokonoko
otoko no ko
「女の子」と
onnnanoko to
(or) onnna no ko
ぐらいまでの
gurai made no
[up to]
男女
dannjyo
[man and woman]
使われる
tsukawareru
(these expressions) are used
こともあります。
kotomo arimasu.
also sometimes
この使い方は、
kono tsukai kata ha,
this usage
ボーイ、
bo-i,
(that of) boy
ほぼ同じといえるでしょう。
hobo onaji to ieru deshou.
is similar to
スポーツ競技
supo-tu kyougi
(in) sports events
性別を区別するときは、
seibetsu wo kubetsu suru tokiha,
to distinguish between genders
たとえば、
tatoeba,
for instance
男子マラソン、
dannshi marasonn,
dannshi marathon
女子大生
jyoshi daisei
(or) joshi daisei (university student)
「男子」
dannshi
men as dannshi
「女子」が
jyoshi ga
(and) women as joshi
使われます。
tsukaware masu.
are referred to
趣味を
shumi wo
(a particular) hobby
楽しむ
tanoshimu
(who) enjoy
に対しては、
ni taishite ha
to refer to
特別な
tokubetsu na
specific
使われることが
tsukawareru kotoga
are used
おしゃれな
oshare na
fashionable
楽しむ
tanoshimu
(who) enjoy
「山ガール」、
yama ga-ru,
(are) yama ga-ru
「歴女」、
rekijyo,
(are) rekijo (and)
ボーイズラブ系の
bo-izu rabu kei no
about romance between young men
表現する
hyougenn suru
[which express female]
○○ガール、
marumaru ga-ru,
xx ga-ru
○○女子
marumaru jyosi
(and) xx joshi
前につく
mae ni tsuku
preceding
との
tono
in combination with
言いやすさと
iiyasusa to
how easy (they) are to pronounce
関係している
kannkei shiteiru
are used depending on
思われます。
omoware masu.
(it)’s thought
このような
konoyouna
these like
言い方は
iikata ha
expressions
あまりありません。
amari marimasenn.
there are not many
これまで
koremade
(this is because) up until now
主に楽しんでいた
omoni tanoshinnde ita
(that) have been dominated <mainly enjoyed>
趣味の世界
shumi no sekai
activities <hobby world>
進出してきた
shinnshutsu shitekita
(who) are making advances
これらの言葉が
korerano kotoba ga
(the) words
つくられました。
tsukurare mashita.
have been created
このように、
konoyouni,
in this way
日本人は
nihonnjinn ha
Japanese people
性別の
seibetsu no
(that) distinguish sex
言葉を
kotoba wo
(the usage of) words
主題
shudai
(the) subject