Tricky Japanese Counters

JAPANese Notes | やっかいな日本語での数え方

Tricky Japanese Counters

When you are counting something, the suffix attached to the number changes depending on the thing being counted. For example: with dogs “hiki” is added, so that’s “ni hiki” (two dogs) and with cars it’s “dai,” so that’s “san dai” (three cars). Furthermore, besides the “ichi (1), ni (2), san (3)” method of counting, there is another Japanese method for counting numbers up to ten: “hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu, yottsu, itsutsu, muttsu, nanatsu, yattsu, kokonotsu, tou.” This (other method of counting) is used, as in “Orenji o itsutsu kudasai” (Give me five oranges) rather than “Orenji o go ko kudasai.”

なにかを
Nanika o/wo
something
かぞえる
kazoeru
(you) are counting
とき、
toki,
when
対象たいしょうとなる
taishou to naru
being counted <in the topic>
もの
mono
(the) thing
によって
ni yotte
depending on
数字すうじ
suuji
(the) number
ni
to
つける
tsukeru
attached
言葉ことば
kotoba ga
(the) suffix <word>
わります。
kawarimasu.
changes
たとえば、
Tatoeba,
for example
いぬ
inu
dogs
には
niwa/ha
with
2ひき
“ni hiki”
ni hiki
のように
no youni
so that’s
ひき」が、
“hiki” ga,
hiki and
くるま
kuruma
cars
には
niwa/ha
with
3さんだい
“san dai”
san dai
のように
no youni
so that’s
だい」が
“dai” ga
(it’s) dai
けられます。
tsukeraremasu.
is added
さらに、
Sarani,
furthermore
日本語にほんごでの
Nihongo deno
Japanese
かぞかたには
kazoekata niwa/ha
method of counting
1いち
“ichi
(the) ichi
2
ni
ni
3さん……」
san...”
san
ほかに、
no hoka ni,
besides
10じゅう
juu
ten
までを、
made o/wo,
up to
ひとつ、
“hitotsu
hitotsu
ふたつ、
futastu
futatsu
みっつ、
mittsu
mittsu
よっつ、
yottsu
yottsu
いつつ、
itsutsu,
itsutsu
むっつ、
muttsu,
muttsu
ななつ、
nanatsu,
nanatsu
やっつ、
yattsu,
yattsu
ここのつ、
kokonotsu,
kokonotsu
とお
too”
too (too)
という
to iu
[that]
かぞかた
kazoekata
method for counting numbers
mo
another
あります。
arimasu.
there is
これらは、
Korera wa/ha,
this (other method of counting)
オレンジおれんじ5ください」
“orenji o/wo go ko kudasai”
Orenji o go ko kudasai
わりに
no kawarini
rather than
オレンジおれんじいつつください」
“orenji o/wo itsutsu kudasai”
Orenji o itsutsu kudasai
のように
no youni
as in
使つかいます。
tsukaimasu.
is used

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