Japanese Sentences Often End with a Surprising Twist

The Other Side of Japanese | 日本語にはどんでん返しがよくある

Japanese Sentences Often End with a Surprising Twist

In a Japanese sentence the verb generally comes at the end of the sentence, however, word order is flexible. For instance, “Michael yesterday in Shibuya Mami with a movie saw,” would be the standard word order in Japanese. However, you are free to rearrange words as follows: “yesterday Michael Mami with a movie Shibuya at saw.” The standard word order in English would be “Michael saw a movie with Mami in Shibuya yesterday.” Thus if you placed the subject (Michael) at the beginning and rearranged the rest of the words in reverse, it would be the same as the Japanese structure. This idea also applies to writing addresses. While in English, they start with the addressee, and end with the prefecture (county), in Japanese they are written in order of prefecture, city, area name, number, and addressee. English sentences begin with the main point with details following. However, in Japanese sentences the details are mentioned first and the main point comes at the end. The English order is suitable for precisely conveying information, such as news, to others. Conversely, in Japanese you don’t discover the conclusion until you hear the end. Because of this they often end with an unexpected twist. “mami to eiga wo…” may be altered in the end as “eiga wo miru hazu deshita ga, kanojo ha kimasenn deshita” (Michael was to see a movie, but she didn’t show up). The huge influence this sentence structure has had on Japanese culture can be seen in arts such as rakugo or senryu where a big laugh can be created by the final word.

日本語にほんご
nihonngo
(a) Japanese sentence
では、
deha,
in
一般的いっぱんてき
ippannteki ni
generally
動詞どうし
doushi ha
(the) verb
文章ぶんしょう
bunnshou
(the) sentence
no
of
最後さいご
saigo
(the) end
ni
at
きます
kimasu
comes
が、
ga,
however
単語たんご
tanngo no
word
語順ごじゅん
gojyunn ha
order
柔軟じゅうなんです。
jyuunann desu.
flexible
たとえば、
tatoeba,
is for instance
マイケルまいける
maikeru ha
Michael
昨日きのう
kinou
yesterday
渋谷しぶや
sibuya
Shibuya
de
in
真美まみ
mami
Mami
to
with
映画えいが
eiga wo
(a) movie
ました」は
mimashita ha
saw
標準的ひょうじゅんてき
hyoujyunnteki na
(the) standard
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
no
in
語順ごじゅん
gojyunn to
word order
えます。
iemasu.
would be
しかし、
shikashi,
however
昨日きのう
kinou
yesterday
マイケルまいける
maikeru ha
Michael
真美まみ
mami
Mami
to
with
映画えいが
eiga wo
(a) movie
渋谷しぶや
shibuya
Shibuya
de
at
ました」
mimashita
saw
のように、
no youni,
as follows
自由じゆう
jiyuu ni
free
きかえることが
okikaeru kotoga
to rearrange (words)
できます。
dekimasu.
(you) are
英語えいご
eigo
English
no
in
標準的ひょうじゅんてき
hyoujyunnteki na
(the) standard
語順ごじゅんでは、
gojyunn deha,
word order
マイケルまいける
maikeru ha
Michael
ました
mimashita
saw
映画えいが
eiga wo
(a) movie
真美まみ
mami to
with Mami
渋谷しぶや
shibuya
Shibuya
de
in
昨日きのう
kinou
yesterday
のようになります。
no youni narimasu.
would be
このように、
konoyouni,
it
主語しゅごマイケルまいける)を
shugo maikeru wo
(the) subject (Michael)
先頭せんとう
senntou ni
the beginning
して
shite
at and
ぎゃく
gyaku
reverse
から
kara
in
ならなお
narabe naosu
rearrange (the rest of the words)
to
if (you placed)
日本語にほんご構文こうぶん
nihonngo no koubunn to
(the) Japanese structure
おなじに
onaji ni
the same as
なります。
narimasu.
(it) would be
この発想はっそう
kono hassou
this idea
ha
also
住所じゅうしょ表記ひょうき
jyuusho'hyouki to
writing addresses
おなじです。
onaji desu.
applies to
英語えいご
eigo
English
では
deha
in
名前なまえ
namae
(the) addressee
から
kara
with
はじまり
hajimari
(they) start and
けん
kenn
(the) prefecture (county)
de
with
わります
owarimasu
end
が、
ga,
while
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
では
deha
in
けん
kenn,
prefecture
shi,
city
まち
machi,
area name
番地ばんち
bannchi,
number
名前なまえ
namae
(and) addressee
no
of
じゅん
jyunn de
in order
きます。
kakimasu.
(they) are written
英語えいごぶんでは
eigo no bun deha
English sentences
まず結論けつろん
mazu ketsuronn wo
(the) main point
い、
ii,
begin with
詳細しょうさい
shousai ga
(with) details
つづきます。
tsuzuki masu.
following
しかし、
shikashi,
however
日本語にほんご
nihonngo no
Japanese
ぶん
bunn
sentences
では
deha
in
まず
mazu
first
詳細しょうさい
shousai wo
(the) details
い、
ii,
are mentioned and
最後さいご
saigo
the end
ni
at
結論けつろん
ketsuronn ga
(the) main point
ます。
kimasu.
comes
英語えいご語順ごじゅん
eigo no gojyunn ha
(the) English order
ニュースにゅーす
nyu-su
news
など
nado
such as
相手あいて
aite
others
ni
to
簡潔かんけつ
kannketsu ni
precisely
つたえる
tsutaeru
conveying (information)
には
niha
for
適切てきせつ
tekisetsu to
suitable
えます。
iemasu.
is
それにたいして
soreni taishite
conversely
日本語にほんご
nihonngo
Japanese
では、
deha,
in
最後さいご
saigo wo
(the) end
kiku,
(you) hear
まで
made
until
結論けつろん
ketsuronn ha
(the) conclusion
わかりません。
wakarimasenn.
(you) don’t discover
そのため、
sonotame,
because of this
意外いがい結末けつまつ
igai na ketsumatsu ni
(an) unexpected twist
なることもあります。
narukotomo arimasu.
(they) often end with
真美まみ映画えいがを……」は、
mami to eiga wo ha,
mami to eiga wo…
映画えいが
eiga wo
(a) movie
るはずでした
miru hazu deshita
(Michael) was to see
が、
ga,
but
彼女かのじょ
kanojyo ha
she
ませんでした」
kimasenndeshita
didn’t show up
のような
no youna
as
こともあります。
kotomo arimasu.
may be altered (in the end)
日本語にほんご構文こうぶん
nihonngo no koubunn ha
this <Japanese> sentence structure
最後さいご一言ひとこと
saigo no hitokoto
(the) final word
de
by
わらわせる、
warawaseru,
(where a) big laugh can (be created)
落語らくご
rakugo
rakugo
ya
or
川柳せんりゅう
sennryuu
senryu
など、
nado,
such as
日本文化にほんぶんか
nihonnbunnka
Japanese culture (can be seen in arts)
ni
on
おおきな影響えいきょう
ookina eikyou wo
(the) huge influence
あたえています。
ataete imasu.
has had

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